The use of as-cast or near net shape magnets is almost always the preferred design path, but this is not always possible. Here's what you do in that situation.
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The use of as-cast or near net shape magnets is almost always the preferred design path, but this is not always possible.
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This is where machining becomes valuable.
Some of the machining techniques common in the metalworking arena are modified and adapted to create special design features or to achieve specified tolerances on magnets.
So if you are wondering - yes, we can machine some magnets - but there are important considerations associated with the process.
When machining works
There are two basic scenarios that require magnet machining.
In some instances, a design engineer will request a magnet with machined features (e.g., special shapes, blind holes, counter-sinks, retaining shoulders, tapers). Magnet machining is also used to further tighten dimensional tolerances created during the casting or sintering process.
Regardless of the scenario, machining may be required, but the characteristically hard and brittle nature of most magnets makes the process difficult. It is possible to grind, drill, waterjet and EDM magnetic materials using specialized tools and machinery to fabricate distinct shapes, but you’ll need to partner with a magnet manufacturer with the requisite skill sets. What follows is a brief introduction to the specific challenges associated with machining common magnetic alloys.
Machining common magnetic materials
Alnico is a magnetic alloy cast of aluminum, nickel, cobalt, iron. The casting process normally yields a part close to the final size, with only the critical feature requirements receiving additional machining operations. Sintered alnico is less common but may allow the manufacturer to integrate more intricate features into the magnet without additional machining. Both cast and sintered alnico magnets are machined using abrasive grinding wheels, core drills, or EDM. Porosity is a common condition with cast alnico and it usually doesn’t affect the magnetic performance.
Neodymium Iron Boron is a rare earth magnetic alloy that is most commonly sintered into blocks or discs. Bonded neodymium iron boron magnets, which are produced by combining magnetic powder with a non-magnetic binder are easily machined but only produced in lower energy densities. Steps, chamfers, holes, and other custom features in neodymium magnets. Grinding neodymium magnets creates pyrophoric dust, so it is imperative to keep the magnets cool during machining. Additional consideration should also be given to the prevention of surface oxidation during and after the machining of neodymium magnets. It is always preferable to process neo magnets in the unmagnetized state.
Samarium Cobalt is another type of rare earth magnetic material, and like neodymium, this alloy is commonly sintered into blocks or discs. Similar features can be produced in samarium cobalt magnets, but due to its very brittle composition, special care needs to be given when machining and handling samarium cobalt magnets.
Ceramic magnets are produced by calcination and then pressed and compacted into a die. The die pressed parts are then sintered to their final shapes. Ceramic magnets are incredibly hard and somewhat brittle. Diamond tooling and some abrasives are common means of fabrication with ceramic magnets. Regardless of the material type, most magnetic materials are machined or ground in the un-magnetized state with magnetization being completed post processing. Completing the fabrication steps in this order minimizes the potential harm done by the build-up of heat, which can adversely affect the magnetic properties of these alloys.
Flexible magnetic materials are also workable. Die cutting and slitting is the most common, but some thicker profiles can also be machined similar to soft metals.
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Slot machines don’t seem to involve much strategy. All you do is push the spin button over and over and let the reels do the rest.
Looking to play slots online? Check out one of the sites above!
But there are some things you can do to greatly improve your chances of beating slot machines. And what’s nice is that anybody can quickly use these slots hacks to win more.
The 7 hacks that I’m going to discuss in this post can be used right now. Others can be used within a few minutes after doing simple research on your smartphone.
Keep reading as I cover 7 ways in which you can hack into more slots winnings.
1 – Look up Online Slot Machine Providers to Find Best Payback
You need to play online slots if your main focus is winning the most money. The reason why is because internet slots offer higher payback on average than land-based games.
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A bonus is that you don’t have to bet as much to earn this high payback. Instead, you’ll only have to risk a penny per line to achieve top pay back on many online slots.
Of course, you must know which slots pay the most first. The best way to do this is by googling online slots providers to find their highest-paying games.
Online slots makers offer their games across a broad range of internet casinos. And the return to player (RTP) is the same at each casino site.
This is why you search for slots payback by game designers, rather than individual casinos. Here’s an example of how I find the highest-paying slots from Rival Gaming:
- I google “Rival Gaming slots RTP.”
- This brings up different websites with info on Rival’s RTP.
- I can see that the following slots offer high payback:
- Cosmic Quest: Mystery Planets = 98.95% RTP
- Doo-Wop Daddy-O = 97.89%
- Gold Rush = 97.46%
- Bust A Vault = 97.45%
- As the Reels Turn: The Gamble = 97.0%
You can use this method to find RTP for many online slot machines. Another way to accomplish this goal is by looking at a game’s help screen.
Some slots list their payback on the help screen. Thunderkick and Quickspin are two companies that feature RTP on their games’ help screens.
Unfortunately, there are providers that don’t list RTP on the help screen or publish it online. Therefore, you’re left in the dark regarding how much these games pay back.
But most online slot machines offer this information somewhere. And you won’t have to look more than 5 minutes to find them in many cases.
2 – Look at State Gaming Reports to Find Best Land Based Slots Payback
Finding RTP for land-based slot machines is a more-difficult matter. The main reason why is because each casino can order different payback for the same slot machine.
MGM Grand might order a game with 90% payback, while Circus Circus may want it with 89% RTP.
This is nice for casinos because they can customize slots RTP to their liking. But this makes it tougher for players to figure out what kind of payback they can look forward to.
Note:The best way to find RTP for slot machines in brick-and-mortar casinos is by looking at state gaming reports.
Each state with casino gambling has an agency that governs the industry. These organizations provide regular reports that list slots payback.
The only catch is that these reports only offer generic numbers on games within the specific coin denominations. Here’s an example from the Nevada Gaming Control Board’s 2017 report:
- Penny slot machines = 90.17% payback
- Nickel slot machines = 94.54% payback
- Quarter slot machines = 93.06% payback
- Dollar slot machines = 93.94% payback
- $5 slot machines = 94.16% payback
- $25 slot machines = 95.03% payback
- $100 slot machines = 93.21% payback
You can see that most Nevada slot machines offer between 93.06% and 95.03% payback. The outlier is penny slot machines, which only offer 90.17% RTP on average.
Here’s another example froma 2017 report on Connecticut’s Foxwoods Casino:
- Penny slot machines = 89.88% payback
- Nickel slot machines = 90.58% payback
- Quarter slot machines = 91.95% payback
- Dollar slot machines = 93.45% payback
- $5 slot machines = 94.08% payback
- $25 slot machines = 96.16% payback
- $100 slot machines = 96.76% payback
This report shows that payback increases as you move up coin denominations. And this is more reflective of what you see acrossthe brick-and-mortar casino industry.
The UNLV Center for Gaming Research offers all the state casino gaming reports in one convenient place.
Note:Your best chance to achieve better payback in a land-based casino is by playing games with higher coin denominations. This is different from online casinos, where you can often achieve the same payback no matter what coin size you’re playing.
The downside to playing large coin denomination slots is that your theoretical losses will be higher. Here’s a comparison between playing Foxwoods’ $0.25 and $1 denomination slots:
- You perform 1,000 spins on a quarter slot machine ($250 total).
- Quarter slots offer 91.55% RTP on average (8.45% house edge).
- 250 x 0.0845 = $21.13 in theoretical losses
- You perform 1,000 spins on a dollar slot machine ($1,000 total).
- $1 slots offer 93.45% RTP on average (6.55% house edge).
- 1,000 x 0.0655 = $65.50 in theoretical losses
Even thoughquarter slot machines offer lower payback, your theoretical losses will be smaller. But if you like betting more per spin anyways, then you should take advantage of higher payback with larger coin denominations.
3 – Use Hit Frequency to Find Hot Slot Machines
One of the the biggest slots myths is that you can find “hot” slot machines by going around and playing different games. The logic behind this is that you’ll eventually find a machine that’s paying immediately.
The reason why this is a myth is that slots results are determined by random number generators (RNG), which cycle through countless number combinations. These number combos are determined so fast that results are completely unpredictable.
Therefore, anybody who’s going around to different slot machines to find the hot games is wasting their time. But this isn’t to say that you can’t use certain means to figure out which slots will pay frequently.
Hit frequency refers to how often a slot machine pays per line. Here’s an example of how this works:
- Game A is a 50-line slot machine that offers 4 payouts per line on average.
- Game B is a 50-line slot that offers 3 payouts per line on average.
- Game A has higher hit frequency.
The only problem with hit frequency is that games don’t list this information. The closest I’ve seen is Pragmatic Play online slots, which offer a volatility rating based on lightning bolts.
But the average slot machine forces you to figure out hit frequency based on pay table info. And the key factors that you want to look at include jackpot size, number of large payouts, and the number of small prizes.
You can use common sense from here to figure out which games will pay more frequently than others.
Important:A slot machine with a huge progressive jackpot and few small payouts won’t deliver prizes as often. But a game with a small jackpot and more small payouts should have higher hit frequency.
Playing games in the latter category gives you a better chance to win on each spin. This means that you’ll earn money on a more consistent basis and have a better chance of sustaining your bankroll.
These are essentially the hot slot machines because they offer more prizes. If winning frequently is important to you, then it should look for slots with small jackpots and a larger number of small payouts.
4 – Use Certain Variables to Manage Your Slots Bankroll
Bankroll management doesn’t theoretically improve your chances of winning. But it does help you better manage your risk and play slots longer.
The only problem is that slots are one of the toughest games in terms of bankroll management. It’s hard to calculate how many bets (a.k.a. units) the average player loses.
This can be affected based on how quickly you’re spinning the reels and how fast the slot machine moves. A game with multiple bonus features and animations moves slower than a game without the same features.
But generally, the average slots player loses anywhere between 250 and 350 units per hour. You can use these variables to begin calculating your bankroll management
Here’s an example:
- You have a $200 bankroll.
- Your average bet is $0.25 per spin (25 lines at $0.01).
- You lose 250 units per hour.
- 300 x 0.25 = $62.50
- 200 x 62.50 = 3.2
- Your bankroll will theoretically last for 3.2 hours.
The keyword with all this is theoretical, because you can never perfectly predict your short-term losses or winnings.
Slot machines are the most-volatile game in the casino. This means that your short-term results will vary wildly in comparison to the statistical average (payback in this case).
You can lower the volatility, though, by playing games with high hit frequency. Games with smaller payouts deliver more prizes in the short run, which leads to lower volatility.
5 – Don’t Fall for Slot Machine Psychology Tricks
Many players are unaware of the psychology at play with slot machines. Game makers use everything from enticing graphics to triumphant soundeffects to keep people playing longer.
A study from the University of British Columbia (UBC) found that many players fall into a “slot machine zone,” where they become completely immersed in the game and ignore everything else around them.
This study featured small white circles on each side of a slot machine’s screen. Players were asked to push a button when these circles turned red.
The study concluded that problem gamblers had more difficulty spotting the red circles on the sides because they were so involved in the game.
2011 research from Ontario’s University of Waterloo examined the effect that losses disguised as wins (LDWs) have on players. LDWs are payouts where players only win back a portion of their original bet.
Here’s an example:
- You play a 100-line slot machine.
- You bet $0.05 per line ($5 total).
- You win a $1 payout.
- Your net loss is $4.
Anybody can see that this is an overall loss.But slot machines use encouraging sound effects and flashing lights to make it feel like you’re a winner in these cases.
University of Waterloo researchers measured skin conductance response (SCR) amplitudes and heart-rate changes to measure how players felt after LDWs. They then compared these results to how players reacted after true wins and complete losses.
The researchers discovered that LDWs offered a significantly higher pleasure rate than complete losses. In fact, players’ arousal rates were on the same level for LDWs as they were for actual wins.
Being aware of these factors will better help you avoid becoming completely immersed in games and spending more money than you plan for.
6 – Look the Best Slots Comps (*Hint* Online Deposits Bonuses Are the Best)
Casinos offer slots players comps to retain their loyalty. This can also encourage more play because some gamblers wrongly assume that comps are more valuable than they are.
Land-based and online casinos typically comp players at around a 0.1% rate. This means that you’re going to earn $1 in rewards for every $1,000 you wager.
This doesn’t seem like much, but it adds up when considering how fast people play slots. Here’s an example:
- You perform 600 spins per hour on a dollar slot machine.
- You play 3 hours per day.
- 600 x 3 = $1,800
- You play 5 days during the month.
- 1,800 x 5 = $9,000
- $9,000 x 0.001 = $9 in slots comps.
Online casinos almost always stick to the 0.1% rate. They do this by awarding one comp point for every $10 wagered.
Players can then exchange 100 points for $1 cash back. This means that you’re betting $1,000 (100 points) to get $1 in rewards.
Some land-based casinos offer a 0.2% comp rate for slots players. This doubles your rewards with the same amount of betting.
Warning:The catch, though, it’s that it’s hard to find land-based casinos that offer higher slots comps. Unlike online casinos, which freely offer their points-for-exchange rate on their loyalty program page, land-based casinos aren’t great at explaining their VIP programs.
You can still find information on some brick-and-mortar casinos by visiting their websites. Another good practice is to research casinos that have a reputation for offering good slots comps.
Examples of Las Vegas casinos that are known for offering good slots rewards include The Palms, The Cosmopolitan, and The Venetian. Playing at these casinos gives you a better opportunity to earn higher loyalty rewards than at online casinos.
But the absolute-best slots rewards, are deposit bonuses that you receive when depositing at internet casinos.
These bonuses are expressed in a match percentage based on how much you deposit. Here’s an example:
- A bonus is worth a 100% match up to $500.
- You deposit $200.
- This means that you’re eligible for a $200 bonus.
Players obviously can’t just cash out bonuses right away, because the casino would lose a fortune. Therefore, you need to meet wagering requirements before the money is officially yours.
Standard wagering requirements for an online slots deposit bonus is 40 times the reward. Here’s an example of how this plays out:
- The bonus offer is a 100% match up to $200.
- You deposit $50.
- This makes you eligible for a $50 bonus.
- 40 x 50 = $2,000.
- You must wager $2k to unlock your deposit reward.
$2,000 may seem like a lot of money to earn a $50 bonus. But this is a much-better rate than you’ll receive through either a land-based or online casino comp program.
Here’s the math on why:
- You wager $2,000 at a casino with a 0.1% comp rate.
- This earns you $2 in rewards.
- You wager $2,000 to get the $50 bonus mentioned above.
- You get $50 in rewards.
Keep in mind that you can get a better comp rate by moving up in an internet or land-based casino loyalty program. But low rollers will find that deposit bonuses offer the best chance to earn free cash.
7 – Get More Expected Value from Progressive Jackpots That Have Increased
Expected value (EV) is a common gambling term used to describe how much money you can expect to win back from your bets.
Looking at the house edge is a good way to determine your EV because this shows how much you’ll win back in the long term. For example, a slot machine with 96% payback is offering -4% EV since you’re losing 4% on each wager.
Most casino games offer negative expected value (-EV), and slots are no exception. But you can improve your EV by playing progressive slots when the jackpot has increased by a significant amount.
Casino seed progressive jackpots with a certain amount of money.
For ExampleMicrogaming’s Mega Moolah slot is seeded with $1 million.
Players contribute the rest of the money into a progressive jackpot. Each bet that players make contributes a small amount to make the jackpot grow.
The standard contribution amount is 2% of every wager. This means that a $1 bet would contribute $0.02 to the jackpot.
A single player isn’t going to make a progressive jackpot grow very quickly. But these prizes increase rapidly when thousands of players are making bets.
You can use the starting jackpot amount compared to growth to estimate your EV. Given that Mega Moolah is seeded with $1 million, you know that your EV is much higher when the jackpot reaches $10 million.
Again, this is all theoretical and based on the idea that you can actually win the jackpot. Chances are that you’ll never win a huge payout like this in your lifetime.
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But the goal is to continue playing progressive slots that offer more EV based on the growing jackpot. A more practical method of doing this is by playing smaller mystery jackpots, which must pay a specific value.
For ExampleArrow’s Edge offers a mystery jackpot that pays at exactly $10,000. You may be getting positive expected value (+EV) by jumping in when the jackpot is worth $9k.
What’s more is that you at least have a shot at winning this payout, versus the giant jackpot in Mega Moolah.
I’m not advocating that you dump your entire bankroll into progressive slots. After all, the base payback on most of these games isn’t as good as a normal slot.
If you’re going to play these games, figure out where a starting jackpot begins and compare it to the value that now. This will improve your EV and give you a higher theoretical chance of winning money.
Conclusion
Casinos have the edge in slot machines. But you can at least reduce this edge, or even gain one (progressive slots) by following the hacks in this post.
The biggest thing that you want to do is to find payback for the slot machines you play. This is easier in online casinos, where you can search by game provider or look at the help screen to find RTP.
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Land-based casinos make it more difficult to figure out how much you win back. But you can use the coin denominations to make a rough estimation.
Hit frequency is another important hack to remember, especially if you’re dealing with a small bankroll. The more payouts you can win back in the short term, the better chance you have of maintaining your bankroll.
You also want to avoid falling for the psychological tricks that surround slot machines. This means realizing that LDWs are actually losses, and the graphics, theme, and music are designed to keep you playing longer.
Other important hacks you can use include getting the best rewards possible, maximizing your EV on growing progressive jackpots, and properly managing your bankroll.
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I can’t guarantee that you’ll win profits by following these tips. But it’s definitely worth doing so if you enjoy slots because these hacks will give you a greater chance to win.